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Basic physics
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
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Signal
Spatial Encoding
Image formation
Sequences
Improving contrast
Image quality and artifacts
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Summary
Learning objectives
Key points
References
Imaging water and fat
Fat signal
Fat signal suppression by short TI inversion-recovery (STIR)
Fat saturation (Fat Sat, CHESS, SPIR, SPECIAL)
Selective excitation
Silicon imaging
Contrast agents
Basic principles and classification
Gadolinium chelates
Iron oxide contrast agents (SPIO, USPIO)
Manganese chelates
Oral contrast agents
Magnetization transfer
Free and bound protons
Mechanisms of magnetization transfer
Applications of magnetization transfer
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Basic physics
Improving contrast
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Improving MRI contrast
References
Elster. Questions and answers in magnetic resonance imaging. 1994:ix, 278 p..
McRobbie. MRI from picture to proton. 2003:xi, 359 p..
NessAiver. All you really need to know about MRI physics. 1997.
Kastler. Comprendre l'IRM. 2006.
de Kerviler, Leroy-Willig. Fat suppression techniques in MRI: an update. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie. 1998;52(2):69-75.
Gandhi, Brown. MR contrast agents for liver imaging: what, when, how. Radiographics. 2006 Nov-Dec;26(6):1621-36.
Lin and Brown. MR contrast agents: Physical and pharmacologic basics. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007 May;25(5):884-99.
Sadowski, Bennett. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: Risk Factors and Incidence Estimation. Radiology. 2007 Jan 31.
Author(s)
Hoa D
Last modification
11 / 22 / 2007